Under water delay tolerant network by accoustic communication and data analysis

Abstract

Underwater wireless sensor Network (UWSNs) are finding different application offshore exploration and ocean monitoring. In Most of these applications, the network consists of significant number of sensor nodes deployed at different depths throughout the area of interest. The sensor nodes located at the sea bed cannot communicate directly with the nodes near the surface level. They require multi-hop communication assisted by appropriate routing scheme. However this appropriateness depends not only on network resources and application requirements but also on environmental constraints. All these factors provide a platform where a resource-aware routing strategy plays a vital role to fulfill the different application requirements with dynamic environmental conditions. Realizing the fact, significant attention has been given to construct a reliable scheme, and many routing protocols have been proposed in order to provide an efficient route discovery between the sources and the sink. In this paper, we present a review and comparison of different algorithms, proposed recently in order to fulfill this requirement. The main purpose of this study is to address the issues like data forwarding, deployment and localization in UWSNs under different conditions. Later on, all of these are classified into different groups according to their characteristics and functionalities Delay-tolerant networking (DTN) is a term invented to describe and encompass all types of long-delay, disconnected, disrupted or intermittently-connected networks, where mobility and outages or scheduled contacts may be experienced. ‘DTN’ is also used to refer to the Bundle Protocol, which has been proposed as the one unifying solution for disparate DTN networking scenarios, after originally being designed solely for use in deep space for the ‘Interplanetary Internet.’ We have evaluated the network to be used in underwater data extraction purposes. Underwater terrain is very different from the terrestrial terrain, as it poses more amounts of obstructions where the normal protocols of networking tend to fail. DTN addresses this very problem through the hop-by- hop networking technique to extract data from deep sea and transport the data to the onshore sites for further analysis. This paper has been aimed to provide the best possible solution model that can be designed using DTN to extract data from challenged underwater terrain.