Safety Perception of Pedestrians at Level Crossings

Rahman, Pretom Md Tahmidur; Hossain, Maisha; Yousuf, Tasfia

IUT Repository Home
→
Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE)
→
Thesis
→
Undergraduate
→
2023
→
View Item

dc.contributor.author	Rahman, Pretom Md Tahmidur
dc.contributor.author	Hossain, Maisha
dc.contributor.author	Yousuf, Tasfia
dc.date.accessioned	2023-11-25T05:50:27Z
dc.date.available	2023-11-25T05:50:27Z
dc.date.issued	2023-04-30
dc.identifier.citation	A24 News Agency. (2021, October 15). Bangladesh- Slums dotted with railway sides in Dhaka. A24 News Agency. https://a24na.com/archives/43145 Amelia, S., Lee, D. M., & Drew, D. (2012). An investigation of risk-takers at railway level crossings (No. PB020595). SPARK. https://www.sparkrail.org/Lists/Records/DispForm.aspx?ID=19620 Azzacy, M. B. (2012). Analysis of rail accidents due to collision and their preventive measures in Bangladesh. Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology. Bangladesh’s deadliest train accidents in recent times. (2022). In The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/bangladeshs-deadliest-train-accidents-recent-times 467886 Beanland, V., Lenné, M. G., Salmon, P. M., & Stanton, N. A. (2013). A self-report study of factors influencing decision-making at rail level crossings: Comparing car drivers,. . . ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259528131_A_self report_study_of_factors_influencing_decision making_at_rail_level_crossings_Comparing_car_drivers_motorcyclists_cyclists_and_ped estrians Beanland, V., Lenné, M. G., Salmon, P. M., & Stanton, N. A. (2015). Variability in decision making and critical cue use by different road users at rail level crossings. Ergonomics, 59(6), 754–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1095356 Blazar, P. E., Dormans, J. P., & Born, C. T. (1997). Train Injuries in Children. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 11(2), 126–129. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005131-199702000- 00011 48 Bukhardt, J.-M., Rådbo, H., Silla, A., & Paran, F. (2014). A model of suicide and trespassing processes to support the analysis and decision related to preventing railway suicides and trespassing accidents at railways. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259381506_A_model_of_suicide_and_trespassi ng_processes_to_support_the_analysis_and_decision_related_to_preventing_railway_sui cides_and_trespassing_accidents_at_railways Cina, S. J., Koelpin, J. L., Nichols, C. A., & Conradi, S. E. (1994). A Decade of Train-Pedestrian Fatalities: The Charleston Experience. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 39(3), 13644J. https://doi.org/10.1520/jfs13644j Cooper, J., Heron, T., & Heward, W. (2019). Applied Behavior Analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson. De Leo, D., & Krysinska, K. (2008). Suicidal Behaviour by Train Collision in Queensland, 1990– 2004. The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (ANZJP), 42(9), 772–779. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802277263 Deisenhammer, E. A., Kemmler, G., De Col, C., Fleischhacker, W. W., & Hinterhuber, H. (1997). Eisenbahnsuizide und -suizidversuche in Österreich von 1990-1994. American Psychological Association, 68(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001150050098 Dhruba, G. M. (2014). Over 200 killed by trains in Dhaka in nine months. bdnews24.com. https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/over-200-killed-by-trains-in-dhaka-in-nine months?fbclid=IwAR3QWEBwtM4futowM9S rDifbDVb8L3vCvw9F1rpsHZHGWxzD21NX3wiYFs Evans, A. (2011). Fatal accidents at railway level crossings in Great Britain 1946–2009. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(5), 1837–1845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.04.019 49 Evans, A., & Hughes, P. (2019). Traverses, delays and fatalities at railway level crossings in Great Britain. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 129, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.006 Ferdous, M. Z., & Alam, A. (2021). Present situation of suicide in Bangladesh: A review. medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.23.21252279 Filtness, A. J., Filtness, A. J., & Rodwell, D. (2018). The road user, the pedestrian, and me: Investigating the interactions, errors and escalating risks of users of fully protected level crossings. Safety Science, 110, 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.02.007 Filtness, A. J., Watling, C., Black, A., & Wood, J. M. (2019). Getting the Attention of Drivers Back on Passive Railway Level Crossings: Evaluation of Advanced Flashing Lights. Transportation Research Record, 2673(2), 789–798. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119828679 Filtness, A. J., Watling, C., Black, A., & Wood, J. M. (2021c). Improving the safety of distracted pedestrians with in-ground flashing lights. A railway crossing field study. Journal of Safety Research, 77, 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2021.02.014 Freeman, J. E., & Rakotonirainy, A. (2015). Mistakes or deliberate violations? A study into the origins of rule breaking at pedestrian train crossings. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 77, 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.01.015 Freeman, J. E., & Rakotonirainy, A. (2017). Can rail pedestrian violations be deterred? An investigation into the threat of legal and non-legal sanctions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 45, 102–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2016.11.016 50 Gabree, S. H., Chase, S., Doucette, A., & Martino, M. (2014, November 1). Countermeasures to mitigate intentional deaths on railroad rights-of-way : lessons learned and next steps. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/12143 Ghomi, H., Bagheri, M., Fu, L., & Miranda-Moreno, L. F. (2016). Analyzing injury severity factors at highway railway grade crossing accidents involving vulnerable road users: A comparative study. Traffic Injury Prevention, 17(8), 833–841. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1151011 Government of Canada, Transportation Safety Board of Canada. (2021, June 27). Rail transportation occurrences in 2020 - Statistical Summary - Transportation Safety Board of Canada. https://www.bst-tsb.gc.ca/eng/stats/rail/2020/sser-ssro-2020.html#fn5 Guo, Z., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., Guo, Q., He, C., & Zhao, Y. (2022). Characteristics of Train– Pedestrian Collisions in Southwest China, 2011–2020. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10), 6104. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106104 Halsey III, A. (2018, August 7). ‘Suicide by train’ is in decline, but deaths of people who trespassed on railroad tracks increased in 2017. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/suicide-by-train-is-in decline-but-deaths-of-people-who-trespassed-on-railroad-tracks-increased-in 2017/2018/08/06/a3d1a57e-9749-11e8-a679-b09212fb69c2_story.html Hill, M. R. (1984). Walking, Crossing Streets and Choosing Pedestrian Routes: A Survey of Recent Insights from the Social/Behavioral Sciences. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 66. 51 Johnston, C., McDonald, J. B., & Quist, K. (2020). A generalized ordered Probit model. Communications in Statistics, 49(7), 1712–1729. https://doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2019.1565780 Jugantor. (2020, February 17). অরক্ষিত ররল ক্রক্ষ িং, রেনে কাটা মৃতয ু থামনে ো. Jugantor. Retrieved January 10, 2023, from https://t.ly/IpFI Kadiyala, S., Gubbala, P., & Schrock, S. D. (2016). Human Behavior at Railroad Grade Crossings. https://doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5786 Kallberg, V., & Silla, A. (2017). Prevention of railway trespassing by automatic sound warning— A pilot study. Traffic Injury Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2016.1203426 Khattak, A. J., & Luo, Z. (2011). Pedestrian and Bicyclist Violations at Highway–Rail Grade Crossings. Transportation Research Record, 2250(1), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.3141/2250-10 Larue, G. S., Miska, M., Qian, G., Wullems, C., Rodwell, D., Chung, E., & Rakotonirainy, A. (2019). Effectiveness of treatments to reduce congestion at level crossings: A traffic simulation evaluation. Transportation Research Board. Lerer, L. B., & Matzopoulos, R. (1996). Meeting the challenge of railway injury in a South African city. The Lancet, 348(9028), 664–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)02100-9 Lindekilde, K., & Wang, A. G. (1985). Train suicide in the county of Fyn 1979?82. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 72(2), 150–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600- 0447.1985.tb02587.x Lobb, B. (2006). Trespassing on the tracks: A review of railway pedestrian safety research. Journal of Safety Research, 37(4), 359–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2006.04.005 52 Lobb, B., Harré, N., & Suddendorf, T. (2001). An evaluation of a suburban railway pedestrian crossing safety programme. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 33(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(00)00026-9 Lobb, B., Harré, N., & Terry, N. (2003). An evaluation of four types of railway pedestrian crossing safety intervention. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 35(4), 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00026-x Marchand, B. (1974). Pedestrian Traffic Planning and the Perception of the Urban Environment: A French Example. Environment and Planning A, 6(5), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1068/a060491 Metaxatos, P., & Sriraj, P. S. (2013). Pedestrian/bicycle warning devices and signs at highrail and pathway-Rail grade crossings. In https://apps.ict.illinois.edu/projects/getfile.asp?id=3083. Moore, T. A., Wilson, J., & Hartman, M. (1991). Train Versus Pedestrian Accidents. Southern Medical Journal, 84(9), 1097–1098. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199109000-00009 Nixon, J., Corcoran, A., Fielding, L., & Eastgate, J. (1985). Fatal and nonfatal accidents on the railways—a study of injuries to individuals. with particular reference to children and to nonfatal trauma. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 17(3), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(85)90054-5 Ogwu, A. (2019). 535 People Wearing Headsets Crushed by Trains in Bangladesh – Report. SIGNAL. https://www.signalng.com/535-people-wearing-headsets-crushed-by-trains-in bangladesh report/?fbclid=IwAR38IC2ORWws2qBVMvwRnNWLlSPtDSscMZW3pcCHSjxzUUIlE BuHWycWV_c Patterson, T. (2004). Analysis of Trespasser Accidents. 53 Pelletier, A. R. (1997). Deaths Among Railroad Trespassers. JAMA, 277(13), 1064. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540370054036 Rådbo, H., Svedung, I., & Andersson, R. (2008). Suicide prevention in railway systems: Application of a barrier approach. Safety Science, 46(5), 729–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.12.003 Rahman, M. A. (2022, August 6). Unprotected railway level crossings are death traps. The Asian Age. https://dailyasianage.com/news/291257/unprotected-railway-level-crossings-are death traps?fbclid=IwAR2vXYIp5IywPi1omVWBDDHHvIamkbaygEu3fAb7tapzqH8mRQ8X 4o7mSq0 Rail trespasser fatalities demographic and behavioral profiles. (2013). In U.S. Federal Railroad Administration. https://railroads.dot.gov/elibrary/rail-trespasser-fatalities-demographic and-behavioral-profiles-june-2013 Savage, I. (2007). Trespassing on the Railroad. Research in Transportation Economics, 20, 199– 224. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0739-8859(07)20008-3 Savage, I. (2016). Analysis of fatal train-pedestrian collisions in metropolitan Chicago 2004–2012. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 86, 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.11.005 Schmidtke, A. (1994). Suicidal behaviour on railways in the FRG. Social Science & Medicine, 38(3), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90441-3 Silla, A. (2022b). Identifying measures with the highest potential to reduce suicides on Finnish railways. Applied Ergonomics, 102, 103748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103748 54 Silla, A., & Kallberg, V. (2016). Effect of railway safety education on the safety knowledge and behaviour intention of schoolchildren. Evaluation and Program Planning. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2015.11.006 Silla, A., & Luoma, J. (2009). Trespassing on Finnish railways: identification of problem sites and characteristics of trespassing behaviour. European Transport Research Review, 1(1), 47– 53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-008-0005-y Silla, A., & Luoma, J. (2011). Effect of three countermeasures against the illegal crossing of railway tracks. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 43(3), 1089–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.017 Silla, A., & Luoma, J. (2012). Main characteristics of train–pedestrian fatalities on Finnish railroads. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.008 Siques, J. T. (2002). Effects of Pedestrian Treatments on Risky Pedestrian Behavior. Transportation Research Record, 1793(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.3141/1793-09 Stefanova, T. S., Burkhardt, J., Wullems, C., Freeman, J. E., Rakotonirainy, A., & Delhomme, P. (2015). Direct Observations of Pedestrian Unsafe Crossing at Urban Australian Level Crossings. Urban Rail Transit, 1(2), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40864-015-0022-9 Symonds, R. L. (1985). Psychiatric aspects of railway fatalities. Psychological Medicine, 15(3), 609–621. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700031469 Symonds, R. L. (1994). Psychiatric and preventative aspects of rail fatalities. Social Science & Medicine, 38(3), 431–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(94)90443-x 55 Total number of railway fatalities including suicides in Great Britain (UK) from 2013/14 to 2020/21. (2021). In Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/305441/total-number-of railway-injuries-in-great-britain-uk-by-level-of-injury/#main-content Van Houwelingen, C. T. M., & Kerkhof, A. J. F. M. (2008). Mental healthcare status and psychiatric diagnoses of train suicides. Journal of Affective Disorders, 107(1–3), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.024 Wali, B., Khattak, A. J., & Ahmad, N. (2021). Injury severity analysis of pedestrian and bicyclist trespassing crashes at non-crossings: A hybrid predictive text analytics and heterogeneity based statistical modeling approach. National Library of Medicine, 150, 105835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105835 Wang, X., Liu, J., Khattak, A. J., & Clarke, D. J. (2016). Non-crossing rail-trespassing crashes in the past decade: A spatial approach to analyzing injury severity. Safety Science, 82, 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.08.017 Ward, N. D., & Wilde, G. J. S. (1995). Field observation of advance warning/advisory signage for passive railway crossings with restricted lateral sightline visibility: An experimental investigation. Accident Analysis & Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001- 4575(94)00057-s Wigglesworth, E. C. (2001). A human factors commentary on innovations at railroad–highway grade crossings in Australia. Journal of Safety Research, 32(3), 309–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4375(01)00053-6 Witte, K., & Donohue, W. A. (2000). Preventing vehicle crashes with trains at grade crossings: the risk seeker challenge. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 32(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-4575(99)00061-5 56 Yeh, M., & Multer, J. (2008). Driver behavior at highway-railroad grade crossings : a literature review from 1990-2006. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/8929 Yeh, M., Multer, J., & Raslear, T. (2014). An examination of the impact of five grade-crossing safety factors on driver decision making. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439962.2014.959584 Zhang, Z., Trivedi, C., & Liu, X. (2018). Automated detection of grade-crossing-trespassing near misses based on computer vision analysis of surveillance video data. Safety Science, 110, 276–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.11.02	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1948
dc.description	Supervised by Dr. Shakil Mohammad Rifaat, Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) Islamic University of Technology (IUT) Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh.	en_US
dc.description.abstract	Rail-pedestrian crashes are a persisting tragedy in Bangladesh, with a growing magnitude of fatalities. Pedestrian crashes on road are prevalent but it’s not highly noticed on railway lines. Hence, a good number of studies have been done on pedestrian accidents involving roads, however, insignificant numbers of studies, if any, addressed the safety perception of pedestrians at road-rail crossing specifically in developing countries’ perspective. Moreover, road-pedestrian might result in severe injuries but rail-pedestrian collisions often end up in fatalities. With a view to finding the influence of the demographic traits of the victims, for instance, age, education, and gender, alongside propensity for suicides, and distractions due to electronic gadgets and other numerous reasons behind pedestrian crashes on railways, this paper will explore the safety perception of pedestrians at a level crossing. A questionnaire was prepared reviewing previous literatures, local context, and pilot survey. Questionnaires were again divided into 8 sub-groups namely socioeconomic characteristics, situational case, accident experience, safety knowledge, safety perception, personal crossing characteristics, surrounding conditions, and awareness. The survey was conducted by collecting data from level crossings of 8 different locations from 250 pedestrians, who use level crossings frequently. Independent variables were formed using the responses from this survey. The dependent variable is formed from the perceived safe distance of the respondents to cross the railway track in front of an oncoming train. The ordered probit model has been used because of ordinal behavior of the dependent variable considered in the study to find the significant factors effecting the safety perception of pedestrians. The model assists to find out the most and least risk-taking cohort. Moreover, independent variables with substantial impacts on the safety perceptions of pedestrians are also perceived. The study will disclose the less safety conscious cohort of pedestrians to the policymakers so that necessary measures can be taken by introducing safety education to them and implementing robust monitoring systems near railroads.	en_US
dc.language.iso	en	en_US
dc.publisher	Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(CEE), Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh	en_US
dc.subject	Safety perception; level crossing; pedestrian; ordered probit model; risk-taking cohort	en_US
dc.title	Safety Perception of Pedestrians at Level Crossings	en_US
dc.type	Thesis	en_US