Sensitivity and performance analysis of a comprehensive PEM cell model and fuel cell based renewable autonomous RHFC system for Saint Martin Bangladesh

Abstract

Providing uninterrupted electricity to remote regions, such as Saint-Martin Island, that have a high potential for renewable energy sources but lack a large-scale grid connection is a formidable challenge. Such decentralized electricity generation and distribution results in the Regenerative Hydrogen Fuel Cell (RHFC) system, which combines the production of hydrogen in a PEM electrolyzer, its storage in a Metal-hydride storage system, and its re-use in a PEM fuel cell to generate electricity. PEMFC having a much higher life expectancy and hydrogen storage having a greater energy storage facilitates RHFC system to eliminate the use of Battery-diesel generator in Saint Martin that has harmful environmental effects such as greenhouse emissions and (Pb) emissions. Based on the results of simulation and the real-time data for Saint Martin, Bangladesh in the years 2021-22, a comprehensive RHFC model incorporating all potential energy sources such as solar, wind, and wave energy is developed and simulations are performed. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze the optimal operating conditions for the selected fuel cell. The designed 220kW RHFC system is capable of supplying more than 100 residences, at least 10 hotels or restaurants, as well as government offices, markets, and hospitals. Based on the results of simulation and the current market price of the system's components, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is calculated to be 10.13 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it a viable option for renewable energy generation. The designed control system in MATLAB/Simulink has the option to be integrated into an advanced autonomous technology known as IoE (Internet of Energy) to support digital infrastructure that will usher in a new revolution in the energy generation industry.