A comprehensive study on evaluating the efficacy of natural coagulants and sand bed filtration in removing pollutants from surface water quality

Abstract

In the quest for sustainable water treatment methods, this comprehensive study evaluates the efficacy of natural coagulants and sand bed filtration in removing pollutants from surface water. The environmental hazards associated with synthetic coagulants have prompted the investigation into natural alternatives. This research focused on the coagulation efficiency of Moringa oleifera seeds, cactus opuntia, and chitosan due to their abundant availability and biodegradability. Experiments were conducted to compare the turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and microbial contamination levels before and after applying these natural coagulants. Subsequently, sand bed filtration was employed as a secondary treatment to further purify the water. The study's findings indicate that certain natural coagulants significantly reduce turbidity and COD levels, with a notable decrease in TDS and microbial counts. Moreover, when combined with sand bed filtration, these coagulants demonstrated a synergistic effect, leading to an even greater reduction in pollutants. The results suggest that the integration of natural coagulants with sand bed filtration could serve as an effective and environmentally friendly approach to improving surface water quality. This method holds promise for application in regions lacking access to advanced water treatment facilities, providing a cost-effective and accessible solution for clean water