Investigation on Mapping Highly Sensitive and Tunable Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Facilitated With Ultra-Short Pulse for Multipurpose Applications

Abstract

Over the years, researchers have proposed numerous designs for traditional PCFs, featuring various structures, sensitivities, and confinement losses. However, most of the designs proposed offer either high sensitivity with high confinement losses or low sensitivity with low losses and too much computations. After carefully reviewing several prior works and considering their problems, we have developed our sensors by analyzing changes in the shape of ultra-short pulses (USP) passed through Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (HC-PCF) using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. Nowadays, adulteration in fuel is a noteworthy concern due to its impact on engine performance, environmental pollution, and economic losses. Detecting adulteration in diesel fuel is a challenging task and it requires identifying adulterants without compromising safety or quality standards.

We introduced a novel approach to sense diesel adulteration levels by analyzing changes in the shape of USPs passing through HC-PCF. This method advantages are fiber characteristics, including nonlinear parameters, to see how the shape of ultra-short pulses changes as they travel through diesel-filled HC-PCF. With the proposed sensor, we achieved remarkable compression sensitivity and power increases for diesel samples with varying adulteration levels under different input configurations. The method demonstrated a minimum sensitivity of 16%, indicating that the pulse is compressed by a factor of six, and the maximum power increase observed was 648.072 W.