A study on standard grid substation

Abstract

Electricity the most common form of energy is the indicator of economic development of a country. The demand of safe and reliable electricity is going up in such a rate that the present grid system cannot deal with the demand response. The traditional power grid is based on centralized generation plants that supply end-users via long-established, unidirectional transmission and distribution systems. But times are changing. Today’s demands for increased power supplies with higher reliability from cleaner and preferably renewable energy sources cannot be met with today’s grid infrastructure. We need an intelligent system that can receive power of all qualities from all sources – both centralized and distributed – and deliver reliable supplies, on demand, to consumers of all kinds. In other word we need a Standard Grid or Smart Grid. This thesis work is focused on this issue within a small scale grid designing which can be enlarged by proper implementation techniques. Performance analysis and data collection is done by surveying some local substations. The integration of renewable sources and other modern technologies to the grid made it more complex and time consuming to analyze the grid manually. So the use of software based simulation is the only way to perform any analysis with comparative results. The project endeavored to study the need and analysis of the performance of present power system to identify the weakness as well as to find a way to improve it within limited resource. ETAP is such a software tool that serves the purpose of analysis and possible development of the system using the simulation to provide the result. That’s why for some elementary system analysis ETAP is used with the practical data collected from substation survey.